ENR 1.2  Visual flight rules

1 Visibility and distance from cloud.

Every VFR flight shall be so conducted that the aircraft is flown with visual reference to the surface by day and to identifiable objects by night and at no time above more than three eighths of cloud within a radius of five nautical miles of such aircraft and -

a) in the case of aircraft excluding helicopters, under conditions of visibility and distance from cloud equal to, or greater than, the conditions specified in the following table:
Airspace Flight Visibility Distance from clouds Ground visibility and ceiling
Control zones (footnote 1) Five km Horizontally 2000 feet vertically 500 feet Except in a case mentioned in footnote 1, no aircraft shall takeoff from, land at, or approach to land at an aerodrome or fly within the control zone when the ground visibility at the aerodrome concerned is less than five km and the ceiling is less than 1500 feet.
Within an aerodrome traffic zone (which does not also comprise a control zone or part of a control zone) or an aerodrome traffic area Five km Horizontally: 2000 feet

Vertically: 500 feet		 Except in a case mentioned in footnote 2, no aircraft shall takeoff from, land at, or approach to land at an aerodrome or fly within the aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic area when the ground visibility within such aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic area is less than five km and the ceiling is less than 1 500 feet.
Footnotes:

1. Minima not applicable to special VFR flights.

2. When a pilot in an aircraft maintains two-way radio communication with the aerodrome control tower or aerodrome flight information service unit, the pilot may, in respect of a cross-country flight, leave or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic area, as the case may be, when the ground visibility is equal to or greater than five km and the ceiling is equal to or higher than 500 feet.

Airspace excluding control zones or aerodrome traffic zones or aerodrome traffic areas Flight visibility Distance from cloud Ground visibility and ceiling
At or below 1000 feet above the surface, by day only One and a half km Clear of cloud -
At or below 1500 feet above the surface, by night only Five km Horizontally: 2000 feet Vertically: 500 feet -
From above 1000 feet to 1500 feet above the surface, by day only Five km Horizontally: 2000 feet Vertically: 500 feet -
From above 1500 feet above the surface up to and including flight level 100, by day and night Five km Horizontally: 2000 feet Vertically: 500 feet -
From above flight level 100 up to and including flight level 200, by day and night Eight km Horizontally: One and a half km Vertically: 1000 feet -
Above flight level 200, by day and night Eight km Horizontally: One and a half km Vertically: 1000 feet VFR flights shall not be conducted above flight level 200. VMC minima for IFR flights shall be above flight level 200.
b) in the case of helicopters, under conditions of visibility and distance from cloud equal to, or greater than, those conditions specified in the following table: Provided that the limitations as contained in the above-mentioned tables shall not prevent a helicopter from conducting hover-in-ground-effect or hover-taxi operations if the visibility is not less than 100 m.
Airspace Flight visibility Distance from cloud Ground visibility and ceiling
Control zone (footnote 1) Two and a half km Horizontally: 1 000 feet Vertically: Clear of cloud Except in a case mentioned in footnote1, no helicopter shall take-off from, land at, or approach to land at an aerodrome or fly within the control zone when the found visibility at the aerodrome concerned is less then 2,5 km and the ceiling is less than 600 feet.
Within an aerodrome traffic zone (which does not also comprise a control zone or part of a control zone) or an aerodrome traffic area Two and a half km Horizontally: 1 000 feet Vertically: Clear of cloud No helicopter shall take-off from, land at, or approach to land at an aerodrome or fly within the aerodrome traffic zone or an aerodrome traffic area when the ground visibility at the aerodrome concerned is less than 2,5 km and the ceiling is less than 600 feet.
At or below 1 500 feet above the surface, by day only Clear of cloud -
At or below 1 500 feet above the surface, by night only Five km Clear of cloud -
Above 1 500 feet above the surface, by day and night Five km Horizontally: 2 000 feet Vertically: 500 feet -
Footnote:
1. Minima not applicable to special VFR flights.
2 Special VFR weather minima

A pilot-in-command may conduct special VFR operations in weather conditions below the conditions prescribed in Regulation 91.06.21 within a control zone-

a) under the terms of an air traffic control clearance;
b) by day only;
c) clear of clouds;
d) with a cloud ceiling of at least 600 feet and visibility of at least 1 500 m;
e) in an aircraft equipped with two way radio equipment capable of communicating with an air traffic service unit on the appropriate frequency; and
f) if leaving the control zone, in accordance with instructions issued by an air traffic service unit prior to departure.

A pilot-in-command of a Class 1 or a Class 2 helicopter may within a CTR under the terms of an air traffic control clearance conduct special VFR operations for the purpose of an over-water operation in weather conditions below the minima prescribed in Regulation 91.06.21 -

a) by day or by night;
b) when clear of clouds;
c) with a cloud ceiling of at least 300 feet;
d) a flight visibility of at least 900 metres; and
e) if leaving a CTR, in accordance with instructions issued by the responsible air traffic service unit prior to departure;
f) provided that -
i) the flight is only conducted over water;
ii) the special VFR clearance is only valid in the CTR;
iii) the minima do not apply to any flight over any portion of land situated in the CTR;
iv)  the helicopter is operated in accordance with an MEL of IFR and night operations; and
v) the Air Traffic Service Unit concerned is notified which helicopter have the MEL to perform such flights.
3 Responsibility to ascertain whether VFR flight is permitted

Outside a control zone or an aerodrome traffic zone or an aerodrome traffic area, the ascertainment of whether or not weather conditions permit flight in accordance with VFR, shall be the responsibility of the pilot-in-command of an aircraft, and whenever weather conditions do not permit a pilot to maintain the minimum distance from cloud and the minimum visibility required by VFR, the pilot shall comply with IFR.